CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN COLOMBIA

Abstract

The Colombian educational system faces significant challenges in implementing inclusive education for children with special needs. Although educational policies have progressed, as established in the General Education Law and Decree 1421 of 2017, inclusion remains a challenge, especially in rural areas. The article analyzes the current shortcomings of the system, emphasizing the need for specialized teacher training, the limited pedagogical resources, insufficient support policies, and the limited access to education. Additionally, the impact of some parents' denial in accepting their children's special conditions is highlighted, influenced by psychological, social, and cultural factors, as well as the lack of information about available resources. Family expectations and social stigma also play an important role in this dynamic.Moreover, external tests taken by students in their final year of secondary education have become a tool to measure the educational quality offered by each institution in Colombia. These standardized tests do not take into account students with a variety of needs, posing another barrier that the entire student population in inclusive education must face. The conclusions underline the need to strengthen teacher training, increase investment in adapted resources, and ensure the proper implementation of public policies. Despite the difficulties, there are opportunities to improve inclusion through educational technology and training programs. To move towards effective inclusive education, it is crucial to raise awareness among families and promote a culture of acceptance regarding special educational needs, thereby ensuring that all children receive the necessary attention and support.