DROPOUT AMONG MIGRANT STUDENTS IN THE VOLVER A LA ESCUELA PROGRAM

Abstract

This article analyzes school dropout rates among migrant students within the 'Volver a la Escuela' (Return to School) program in Colombia, based on data from 2022 to 2024. The study concludes that dropout is multi-causal and structured around three major dimensions. First, economic and family factors play a critical role; these include housing instability and financial precariousness, which force young people to prioritize work and subsistence over their education, hindering their ability to cover basic school expenses. Second, psychosocial factors are considered, where the migrant condition is marked by legal uncertainty and the fear of deportation, generating constant stress. Additionally, there is an emotional impact stemming from xenophobia, discrimination, and a lack of support networks, which erodes the desire to attend classes. Finally, the analysis identifies institutional barriers, where the educational system presents deficiencies in infrastructure, teacher training, and inclusive curricular adaptation. These are compounded by administrative hurdles—such as the validation of prior studies—along with a lack of inter-institutional coordination and budget, which exacerbates exclusion. The article highlights that simply enrolling student is insufficient; it is necessary to implement a comprehensive and articulated strategy that addresses these complex needs to guarantee retention