STUDENT PARTICIPATION IN SCHOOL: A FUNDAMENTAL PILLAR FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY

Abstract

Student participation in secondary and upper secondary education is crucial for the formation of a democratic society. In this regard, the present article conceptualizes the school as a civic laboratory where the principles of democracy are practiced, not just theorized. Through an analysis of recent studies, a significant gap is revealed between ideal participation and its practical implementation. Empirical evidence shows that formal mechanisms, such as the School Government, often fail due to students' lack of knowledge about their functions and the feeling that decisions are unilateral, which limits their impact. Despite these challenges, genuine participation offers broad benefits, such as the development of essential civic skills (critical thinking and conflict resolution) and a better understanding of democratic values. As such, the article proposes a systemic reform that goes beyond formality. This implies integrating civic education transversally, training teachers in participatory methodologies, and creating authentic spaces where the student voice has a real impact on decision-making. It can thus be inferred that student passivity is not a lack of interest, but a consequence of a system that does not empower them, and it is proved how the ability of schools to transform themselves into truly participatory environments is fundamental to the future of democracy.