DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC SKILLS IN COLOMBIAN GEOGRAPHY THROUGH COOPERATIVE WORK AND VIRTUAL OBJECTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL.

Abstract

The present research aimed to promote the development of scientific competencies in fifth-grade students through a pedagogical strategy based on cooperative work and the use of virtual learning objects for teaching Colombian geography. A predominantly qualitative mixed-method approach was adopted, utilizing surveys, diagnostic assessments, and rubrics for data collection. A digital teaching unit was designed and implemented on the Mil Aulas platform for all fifth-grade students at the Bábega Rural Educational Institution. The initial diagnosis revealed significant difficulties in understanding geographic concepts and low motivation, attributable to traditional methodologies and a lack of digital resources. In response, a strategy was implemented that integrated gamified activities, cooperative work, and interactive digital resources, fostering active participation and meaningful learning. The results showed notable progress in scientific competencies, especially in map interpretation, critical analysis, and geographic problem-solving, as well as a significant increase in the number of students with satisfactory performance. In addition, improvements were recorded in student motivation, autonomy, and collaboration. It is concluded that combining cooperative work with virtual learning objects is an effective strategy for strengthening scientific competencies in basic education. However, challenges persist, such as the digital divide and the need for ongoing teacher training for the proper use of educational technologies.