FACTORS AFFECTING ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND INTEGRAL DEVELOPMENT OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Abstract

Primary education within the official Colombian system faces an enormous challenge due to deficiencies in children’s academic performance, which serves as the foundation for students to progressively build a well-rounded education. It is important to note that if a child in primary school struggles to develop basic skills, there is a risk of dropping out in secondary school or even failing to complete primary school. Hence the importance of this academic essay, which aims to reflect on the various factors (family, sociocultural, contextual, socioeconomic, institutional, and pedagogical) that impact a student’s holistic development and their implications for academic performance in elementary school. Thus, the methodology adopted follows a descriptive qualitative approach using the literature review technique, which allows for an in-depth exploration of various research experiences through a broad, reflective perspective on the existing reality. The results highlight that it was possible to identify divergences and convergences regarding the various factors that influence academic performance and their impact on the holistic development of elementary school students. The role of parents and their involvement in their children’s school activities is decisive; it implies the existence of an assertive communication chain: students whose parents promptly assume the role of supporting, guiding, and promoting educational activities both inside and outside of school have greater opportunities for success in their educational process; here, communication between family and school plays a decisive role in children’s academic success. DANE reports that at least 55% of education professionals are reluctant to undergo training and update their technological skills.